India's Second Indigenous 700 MW Nuclear Reactor Moves Closer to Commercial Operation After Achieving First Criticality

India's second domestically constructed 700 MW nuclear power reactor in Kakrapar, Gujarat, hit first criticality, or commencement of the controlled, self-sustaining nuclear fission chain reaction, early on Sunday (17 December).

This milestone paves the way for its gradual progression towards generating electricity for commercial use.

"KAPP-4 steps closer to generating #CleanEnergy - the achievement aligns with India's pledge for netzero emissions, as highlighted by Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi ji, reinforcing the crucial role of #NuclearPower in combating climate change," the Department of Atomic Energy said in an X post.

The KAPP-3 and -4 reactors, each with a capacity of 700 MW, are situated in Kakrapar within the Surat district of Gujarat. They are positioned next to the pre-existing KAPS-1 and -2 reactors, each with a capacity of 220 MW.

The NPCIL asserts that these native PHWRs, equipped with superior safety features, rank among the world's safest reactors.

The NPCIL has been responsible for the design, construction, commissioning, and operation of these reactors, according to the corporation. However, the provision of equipment and implementation of contracts have been undertaken by the Indian industry.

Currently, the NPCIL manages 23 reactors that have a combined capacity of 7,480 MW. Additionally, there are nine units, KAPP-4 included, under construction that will provide a capacity of 7,500 MW.

Furthermore, pre-project activities are underway for an additional 10 reactors that have a combined capacity of 7,000 MW. The completion of these projects is anticipated by the years 2031-32.