The Federal Open Market Committee, the apex body of the U.S Federal Reserve that determines the monetary policy on Friday (Feb 18) announced that it unanimously adopted comprehensive new rules for the investment and trading activity of senior officials.

Under the new rules, senior Federal Reserve officials are prohibited from purchasing individual stocks or sector funds, holding investments in individual bonds, agency securities, cryptocurrencies, commodities, or foreign currencies. The new rules also prohibit central bank officials from entering into derivatives contracts, engaging in short sales or purchasing securities on margin.

In response to controversy over dubious trading practices by top officials, the Fed had in October 2021 announced a wide-ranging ban on officials buying individual stocks and bonds and limits on other investment activities.

The new set of rules prohibited the purchase of individual shares, restrict active trading, and increase the timeliness of reporting and public disclosure by Federal Reserve policymakers and senior staff. As a result of the new policies, senior Federal Reserve officials were limited to purchasing diversified investment vehicles, like mutual funds.

To help guard against even the appearance of any conflict of interest in the timing of investment decisions, policymakers and senior staff of central bank will now be required to provide 45 days' advance notice for purchases and sales of securities, obtain prior approval for purchases and sales of securities, and hold investments for at least one year. Further, no purchases or sales will be allowed during periods of heightened financial market stress.

Reserve Bank presidents will be required to publicly disclose financial transactions within 30 days, as Board Members and senior staff currently do.

In Jan 2022, Federal Reserve Vice Chairman Richard Clarida quit two weeks before his term on the central bank’s board is set to end.

Clarida faced criticism for investing in stocks just before the Fed’s announcement of a huge rescue package for financial markets in February 2020. Clarida had earlier declared that three financial investment transactions that he executed on Feb 27,were part of a preplanned portfolio rebalancing.

Revelations emerged that Clarida had amended his financial disclosures to show he sold a stock fund three days before he purchased the same investment in late February 2020.

Prior to his appointment to the Board, Clarida served as a professor of Economics and International Affairs at Columbia University, where he taught from 1988 to 2018. From 1997 until 2001, Clarida served as chairman of the Department of Economics at Columbia University.

In 2021, Robert Kaplan, head of the Dallas Fed and voting member of Federal Reserve’s monetary-policy committee, resigned after questions of propriety were raised over his trading activities involving millions of dollars’ worth of stocks in companies from Apple to Chevron.

Eric Rosengren, president of the Boston Fed, also resigned after it emerged that he had invested in trusts that held mortgage-backed.